Which law empowers the Environmental Protection Agency to regulate water pollution?

The Clean Water Act is the primary legislation that empowers the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate water pollution in the United States. Enacted in 1972, this law aims to restore and maintain the integrity of the nation’s waters by preventing point and non-point source pollution. It establishes the framework for regulating discharges of pollutants into waters and provides the EPA with the authority to implement pollution control programs such as the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program. Additionally, the Clean Water Act supports the development of water quality standards for various water bodies, ensuring that they meet designated uses such as recreation, habitat for aquatic life, and drinking water.

The other options do not grant the EPA the authority to regulate water pollution. The Lacey Act focuses on wildlife conservation and the prohibition of illegal trafficking in wildlife, the Pittman-Robertson Act is centered around funding for wildlife restoration and management, and the Farm Bill primarily deals with agricultural policy and supports various farm assistance programs rather than directly regulating water pollution.